Intentional Ingredients

From sourcing to formulation, each ingredient is tested for potency and purity to bring you effective, positive results.

01

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Acetyl-L-Carnitine

As a natural compound derived from L-Carnitine, Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALC) is known for its cognitive benefits and ability to improve oxygen and blood flow in the brain. ALC can support learning capacity and help lessen mental fatigue. It may also support the production of serotonin and dopamine that help mood regulation. Through its antioxidant properties, ALC may support brain health and help protect against age-related cognitive decline.*

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References:

Pettegrew JW, Levine J, McClure RJ. Acetyl-L-carnitine physical-chemical, metabolic, and therapeutic properties: relevance for its mode of action in Alzheimer's disease and geriatric depression. Molecular Psychiatry. 2000;5(6):616-632.

Smeland OB, Meisingset TW, Borges K, Sonnewald U. Chronic acetyl-L-carnitine alters brain energy metabolism and increases noradrenaline and serotonin content in healthy mice. Neurochem Int. 2012;61(1):100-107.

Traina G. The neurobiology of acetyl-L-carnitine. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2016;21:1314-1329.

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Bacopa Monnieri

Bacopa Monnieri is a rejuvenating herb used in Ayurvedic medicine to support mental clarity and emotional well-being. The effects of bacopa monnieri on memory, mental alertness, and cognitive function have promising results. Bacopa monnieri has been shown to benefit neurotransmitter processing, like serotonin and dopamine, which play key roles in regulating mood. It also enhances memory and cognitive performance, including attention, working memory, and information processing speed. Bacopa monnieri may boost cellular energy and reduce fatigue.*

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References

Aguiar S, Borowski T. Neuropharmacological review of the nootropic herb Bacopa monnieri. Rejuvenation Res. 2013;16(4):313-326. 

Rai D, Bhatia G, Palit G, Pal R, Singh S, Singh HK. Adaptogenic effect of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi). Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003;75(4):823-830. 

Russo A, Borrelli F. Bacopa monniera, a reputed nootropic plant: an overview. Phytomedicine. 2005;12(4):305-317. 

Singh HK, Rastogi RP, Srimal RC, Dhawan BN. Effect of bacosides A and B on avoidance responses in rats. Phytother Res. 1988;2(2):70-75. 

Stough C, Downey LA, Lloyd J, et al. Examining the nootropic effects of a special extract of Bacopa monniera on human cognitive functioning: 90-day double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. Phytother Res. 2008;22(12):1629-1634

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03

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Citrus Aurantium

Citrus aurantium, orbitter orange, is a citrus tree native to Southeast Asia. It contains compounds, including a natural alkaloid known as synephrine that helps support cognitive focus and alertness. It also supports blood flow and neurotransmitter activity in the brain which can help improve memory, cognitive performance, and mood. Combining citrus aurantium with caffeine may also improve brain function and a healthy mood.*

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References

Stohs SJ, Preuss HG, Shara M. A Review of the Human Clinical Studies Involving Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) Extract and its Primary Protoalkaloid p-Synephrine. Int J Med Sci. 2012;9(7):527-538. 

Takeda A, Watanuki S, Koyama S. Effects of Citrus aurantium (Bitter Orange) Fruit Extracts and p-Synephrine on Metabolic Fluxes in the Rat Liver. Molecules. 2012;17(12):1719-1734. 

Kim KW, Kim HD, Jung JS, et al. Characterization of antidepressant-like effects of p-synephrine stereoisomers. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol . 2001;364:21–26. 

El Amar M, Ibáñez C, Peña L. Effects of Citrus aurantium extract, caffeine, and St. John's wort on mood and attention. J Herbal Med. 2021;26:100406.

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Cola Nut

The cola tree, native to Western Africa, is used to enhance mental alertness and decrease fatigue. Active compounds in cola nut, including caffeine and theobromine, may improve mood and support cognitive performance. These compounds can support attention, focus, and information processing, while also boosting energy and having a mild mood-enhancing effect.*

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References

Burdock GA, Carabin IG, Crincoli CM. Safety assessment of kola nut extract as a food ingredient. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Aug. 47(8):1725-1732. 

Einöther SJ, Giesbrecht T. Caffeine as an attention enhancer: reviewing existing assumptions. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2013;225(2):251-274. 

Nehlig A. The neuroprotective effects of cocoa flavanol and its influence on cognitive performance. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;75(3):716-727. 

Scholey AB, French SJ, Morris PJ, Kennedy DO, Milne AL, Haskell CF. Consumption of cocoa flavanols results in acute improvements in mood and cognitive performance during sustained mental effort. J Psychopharmacol. 2010;24(10):1505-1514

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DMAE

DMAE(Dimethylaminoethanol) is a compound naturally found in the brain as well as in fatty fish, including sardines and salmon. A main benefit of DMAE is the effect it has on the neurotransmitter – acetylcholine. This important neurotransmitter carries messages and signals between cells in the brain. DMAE converts to acetylcholine in the body as a way to assist many cognitive benefits, including thinking processes, concentration, focus, and emotional well-being.*

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References

Dimpfel W, Wedekind W, Keplinger I. Efficacy of dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) containing vitamin-mineral drug combination on EEG patterns in the presence of different emotional states. Eur J Med Res. 2003; 8(5): 183-191. 

Malanga G, Belen Aguiar M, D Martinez H, Puntarulo S. New insights on dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) features as a free radical scavenger. Drug metabolism letters. 2012 Mar 1;6(1):54-9.

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Essential B-Vitamins

B vitamins are vital to a healthy nervous system and cognitive performance. When the body is deficient in B vitamins, it can negatively affect brain function, including memory, mood, and emotional well-being. B vitamins also have antioxidant properties that support healthy homocysteine levels and circulation.*

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References

Deijen, JB, van der Beek, EJ, et al. Vitamin B-6 supplementation in elderly men: effects on mood, memory, performance and mental effort. Psychopharmacology. 1992; 109(4): 489-496. Frick, B, Gruber, B, et al. Homocysteine but not neopterin declines in demented patients on B 

vitamins. J Neural Transm. 2006 Nov; 113(11): 1815-1819. Morris, MC, Evans, DA, Bienias, JL, et al. Dietary niacin and the risk of incident Alzheimer’s disease and of cognitive decline. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004 Aug; 75(8):1093-1099. 

Ullegaddi, R, Powers, HJ, Bariballa, SE. B-group vitamin supplementation mitigates oxidative damage after acute ischaemic stroke. Clin Sci. 2004 Nov; 107(5): 477-484. 

Wang, HX, Wahlin, A, et al. Vitamin B12 and folate in relation to the development of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 2001 May; 56(9): 1188-1194.

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Ginkgo Biloba

Ginkgo biloba comes from the ginkgo tree. This natural compound is an antioxidant known for its many cognitive benefits, including better circulation in the brain, improved memory, and alertness. Ginkgo biloba’s ability to improve blood flow and oxygenation in the brain can offer mood-enhancing effects. It also supports a feeling of wakefulness and being alert to assist energy levels overall. It’s neuroprotective compounds may protect against age-related cognitive issues.*

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References

Kaschel R. Specific memory effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in middle-aged healthy volunteers. Phytomedicine. 2011;18(14):1202-1207. 

Mahadevan S, Park Y. Multifaceted therapeutic benefits of Ginkgo biloba L.: chemistry, efficacy, safety, and uses. J Food Sci. 2008;73(1):R14-19. 

Nakanishi K. Terrestrial metabolism in plants: Ginkgo biloba as a functional food. Res Rev J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2014;2(1):12-17. 

Rai D, Bhatia G, Palit G, Pal R, Singh S, Singh HK. Adaptogenic effect of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi). Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003;75(4):823-830. 

Smith JV, Luo Y. Studies on molecular mechanisms of Ginkgo biloba extract. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2004;64(4):465-472.

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Green Tea

Green tea contains flavonoids and natural caffeine that offer mood-boosting and energy benefits. Derived from the camellia sinensis plant, green tea has been consumed for centuries and is known for its potential mood, energy, and cognitive benefits. It contains L-theanine, an amino acid, that supports production of serotonin and dopamine. With its mild caffeine properties, green tea can sustain energy and improve focus, while also supporting alertness, working memory, and cognitive performance. It also may offer neuroprotective properties to help protect against age-related cognitivedecline.*

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References

Dietz C, Dekker M. Effect of Green Tea Phytochemicals on Mood and Cognition. Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23(19):2876-2905. 

Haskell CF, Kennedy DO, Milne AL, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB. The effects of L-theanine, caffeine and their combination on cognition and mood. Biol Psychol. 2008;77(2):113-122. 

Kimura K, Ozeki M, Juneja LR, Ohira H. L-Theanine reduces psychological and physiological stress responses. Biol Psychol. 2007;74(1):39-45. 

Nobre AC, Rao A, Owen GN. L-theanine, a natural constituent in tea, and its effect on mental state. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17 Suppl 1:167-168.

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09

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Guarana

Guaranais a plant native to the Amazon basin. It contains purines (caffeine, theobromine, theophylline) that stimulate the central nervous system and offer cognitive benefits. It has been used for centuries in South America, as its natural flavonoid components can help sustain energy, focus, mental alertness, and potentially support a healthy mood. Guarana may also have neuroprotective effects to help offset cognitive decline.*

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References

Haskell CF, Kennedy DO, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB. Cognitive and mood improvements of caffeine in habitual consumers and habitual non-consumers of caffeine. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005;179(4):813-825. 

Kennedy DO, Haskell CF, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB. Improved cognitive performance in human volunteers following administration of guarana (Paullinia cupana) extract: comparison and interaction with Panax ginseng. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2004;79(3):401-411. 

Mendes FR, Carlini EA. Brazilian plants as possible adaptogens: an ethnopharmacological survey of books edited in Brazil. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007;109(3):493-500.

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10

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Huperzine A

Huperzine A is an extract found in club moss that has been used for centuries in Chinese medicine— offering benefits to cognitive function, mood, and energy. Huperzine A has been observed to improve learning and memory, by protecting the brain from oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation.*

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References

Liu J, Wang L, Zhang Y, et al. Herbal medicine for Alzheimer's disease: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(5):e18861. 

Wang R, Yan H, Tang XC. Progress in studies of huperzine A, a natural cholinesterase inhibitor from Chinese herbal medicine. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2006;27(1):1-26. 

Zhao Q. Clinical observation on the effects of huperzine A in treating patients with mild to moderate vascular dementia. Zhonghua Jing Shen Ke Za Zhi. 2002;35(6):386-38

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White Willow Bark

Rich in antioxidants, white willow bark can help protect against oxidative stress that can cause poor cognitive function and physical performance. Its neuroprotective properties may support overall brain health. White Willow bark contains salicin, a compound that is converted to salicylic acid to help lessen inflammation. Salicylic acid is also an active ingredient used to create aspirin.*

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References

Ishikado A, Sono Y, Matsumoto M, et al. Willow bark extract increases antioxidant enzymes and reduces oxidative stress through activation of Nrf2 in vascular endothelial cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2013 Dec 1;65:1506-15. 

Kwon OS, Jung SY, Kim HY, et al. Salicin, a major compound of cortex salix, exerts anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of sepsis. Mediators Inflamm. 2012;2012:843026. 

Muntean DM, Sturza A, Stanca L, et al. Salix species - A comprehensive review on chemical, pharmacological and clinical aspects. Eur J Pharmacol. 2020;879:173136.

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Vinpocetine

Vinpocetine comes from a periwinkle plant and is an extract that supports cognitive function, including memory, concentration, and attention span. It helps to increase blood flow and oxygen in the brain, while also supporting neuronal activity and energy metabolism. This can help promote mental alertness and focus.*

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References

Bonoczk P, Gulyas B, Adam-Vizi V, Nemes A, et al. Role of sodium channel inhibition in neuroprotection: effect of Vinpocetine. Brain Res Bull. 2000; 53(3): 245-254. 

Hadjiev D. Asymptomatic ischemic cerebrovascular disorders and neuroprotection with Vinpocetine. Ideggyogy Sz. 2003; 56(5-6): 166-172. 

Kemeny V, Molnar S, Andrejkovics M, Makai A, Csiba L. Acute and chronic effects of Vinpocetine on cerebral hemodynamics and neuropsychological performance in multi-infarct patients. J Clin Pharmacol. 2005; 45(9): 1048-1054. 

Sitges M, Sanchez-Tafolla BM, Chiu LM, Aldana BI. Vinpocetine administration improves memory in rats with kainic acid-induced seizures through inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Neurosci Lett. 2005;382(3):297-301. 

Valikovics A. Investigation of the effect of Vinpocetine on cerebral blood flow and cognitive functions. Ideggyogy Sz. 2007; 60(7-8): 301-310.

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